What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is primarily characterized by an autoimmune response in which the body's immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin, which is essential for regulating blood glucose levels. In individuals with Type 1 diabetes, the onset typically occurs in childhood or adolescence, though it can occur at any age. The destruction of beta cells is a fundamental aspect of this condition, making the immune attack the distinguishing feature between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is generally associated with insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, coupled with a relative insulin deficiency over time. This condition is more common in adults and is influenced by various modifiable factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity. While genetics can play a role in the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, it is not solely genetic; environmental factors also significantly contribute.

Differentiating these two types of diabetes is crucial for understanding their underlying mechanisms and tailoring appropriate treatment strategies.