How does muscle protein synthesis (MPS) differ between men and women during HIIT?

Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is a critical process for muscle repair and growth, and research indicates that, generally, men tend to demonstrate greater MPS in response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared to women. This difference can be attributed to several physiological factors, including hormonal influences, particularly the effects of testosterone, which is present at higher levels in men and plays a key role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis.

Additionally, men often have a higher muscle mass and greater overall muscle fibers, which may also contribute to elevated MPS rates during and after exercise. Although women can effectively build muscle and benefit from resistance training and HIIT, the comparative differences in hormonal milieu and physiological responses typically lead to men exhibiting a more pronounced increase in MPS during such training.

Understanding these gender-based differences is essential for tailoring exercise prescriptions and nutrition plans, as they can influence recovery times, training adaptations, and overall fitness outcomes for both men and women.